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The art of motion-picture making within the Kingdom of Spain or by Spanish filmmakers abroad is collectively known as Spanish Cinema. In recent years, Spanish cinema has achieved high marks of recognition. In the long history of Spanish cinema, the great filmmaker Luis Buñuel was the first to achieve universal recognition, followed by Pedro Almodóvar in the 1980s. Spanish cinema has also seen international success over the years with films by directors like Segundo de Chomón, Florián Rey, Luis García Berlanga, Juan Antonio Bardem, Carlos Saura, Julio Médem and Alejandro Amenábar. Woody Allen, upon receiving the prestigious Prince of Asturias Award in 2002 in Oviedo remarked: "when I left New York, the most exciting film in the city at the time was Spanish, Pedro Almodóvar's one. I hope that Europeans will continue to lead the way in film making because at the moment not much is coming from the United States." Non-directors have obtained less international notability like the cinematographer Néstor Almendros, the Art director Gil Parrondo, the screenwriter Rafael Azcona, the actresses Maribel Verdú and, especially, Penélope Cruz and the actors Fernando Rey, Francisco Rabal, Antonio Banderas, Javier Bardem and Fernando Fernán Gómez have obtained significant recognition outside Spain. Today, 10 to 20% of box office receipts in Spain are generated by domestic films, a situation that repeats itself in many nations of Europe and the Americas. The Spanish government has therefore implemented various measures aimed at supporting local film production and movie theaters, which include the assurance of funding from the main national television stations. The trend is being reversed with the recent screening of productions such as the €30 million film ''Alatriste'' (starring Viggo Mortensen), the Academy Award winning Spanish film ''Pan's Labyrinth'' (starring Maribel Verdú), ''Volver'' (starring Penélope Cruz and Carmen Maura), and ''Los Borgia'' (starring Paz Vega), all of them sold-out blockbusters in Spain. Another aspect of Spanish cinema mostly unknown to the general public is the appearance of English-language Spanish films such as ''Agora'' (directed by Alejandro Amenábar and starring Rachel Weisz), ''Ché'' (directed by Steven Soderbergh and starring Benicio del Toro), ''The Machinist'' (starring Christian Bale), ''The Others'' (starring Nicole Kidman), and Miloš Forman’s ''Goya's Ghosts'' (starring Javier Bardem and Natalie Portman), ''The Impossible'' (starring Ewan McGregor and Naomi Watts). All of these films were produced by Spanish firms. ==Origins== The first Spanish film exhibition took place on May 5, 1895, in Barcelona. Exhibitions of Lumière films were screened in Madrid and Barcelona in May and December of 1896, respectively. The matter of which Spanish film came first is in doubt.〔("Salida de misa de doce del Pilar de Zaragoza" : la fraudulenta creación de un mito franquista ) 〕 The first was either ''Salida de la misa de doce de la Iglesia del Pilar de Zaragoza'' (''Exit of the Twelve O'Clock Mass from the Church of El Pilar of Zaragoza'') by Eduardo Jimeno Peromarta, ''Plaza del puerto en Barcelona'' (''Plaza of the Port of Barcelona'') by Alexandre Promio or the anonymous film ''Llegada de un tren de Teruel a Segorbe'' (''Arrival of a Train from Teruel in Segorbe''). It is also possible that the first film was ''Riña en un café'' (''Brawl in a Café'') by the prolific filmmaker Fructuós Gelabert. These films were all released in 1897. The first Spanish film director to achieve great success internationally was Segundo de Chomón, who worked in France and Italy but made several famous fantasy films in Spain, such as ''El Hotel eléctrico''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cinema of Spain」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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